Param Himalaya - परम हिमालय

DOMESTIC ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Magnetism of Class 10 DOMESTIC ELECTRIC CIRCUITS In our homes, we receive supply of electric power through a main supply which is also called mains. The various other features of domestic electric currents are : DOMESTIC ELECTRIC CIRCUITS In our homes, we receive supply of electric power through a main supply which is also called mains. The various other features of domestic electric currents are : FEATURE OF DOMESTIC CIRCUIT: Electric cable or overhead wires The electric power to a house is supplied either through overhead wires or through underground cables. The cable has three separate insulated wires: 1. Live wire (or phase or positive). 2. Neutral wire (or negative). 3. Earth wire. The live wire has usually red insulation cover, neutral wire has black insulation cover and the earth wire has green insulation cover. As per the new International Convention, live wire has brown coloured insulation cover whereas neutral and earth wires have light blue and gre...

Advantage of Alternating current (AC) over Direct current (DC) : Alternating current can be transmitted over long distances without much loss of electrical energy. AC is easy and cheaper to generate than DC. AC can be transferred to long distance as compared to DC. Power loss in AC is less as compared to DC during transmission. AC can be easily converted into DC

Direct current and Alternating current and it's Difference : Direct current :  If the Current flows in One Direction only it is called a direct current. Direct current is written in short form as D.C ( or d.c.) the current which we get from a cell or a battery is direct current because it always flows in the same direction. The positive and negative polarity of a direct current is fixed. some of the source of direct current are dry cell, dry battery , DC generator , solar panel. Alternating current :  If the current reverses direction after equal interval of time it is called alternating current. Alternating current is written in short form as AC most of the power station in India generate alternating current the alternating current produce in India rivers its direction every one by 100 second. The positive and negative polarity of an alternating current is not fixed. Some of the source which produce alternating current are power house generators , car alternators and bicycle ...

Oersted Experiment showed that A current carrying wire exerts a mechanical force on a magnet , and if the magnet is free to move , this force can produce a motion in the magnet. The reverse of this is also true , that "A magnet exerts a mechanical force on a current- carrying wire , and if the wire is free to move , this force can produce a motion in the wire". Or  When a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field , a mechanical force is exerted on the conductor, which causes the conductor to move.This is known as motor Principle. Which forms the basis of working of electrical devices like electric motor , moving coil galvanometer. Reason: When a current is passed through the wire , it is pushed upwards , away from the magnet. It happens due to repulsion between the two magnetic fields : one from the magnet and one from current. Newton's third law of motion according to which if a current - carrying wire exerts a force on a magnet , then the magnet will exer...

 Object : To establish the relation between the loss in weight of a solid fully immersed in (i) Tap water (ii) Strongly salty water , with the weight of water displaced by it by taking two different solid. Apparatus : Spring balance , steel or brass Bob , graduated measuring cylinder , thread , water , clamp stand and a Eureka can ( a glass or metallic container with a spout. Theory : Archimede's principle states that when an object is immersed wholly or partially in a liquid , it experiences an upward force which is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by it. Apparent loss of weight of solid in water = weight of water displaced by the solid. Diagram :  Observation :  Weight of the bob ( made of steel or brass ) in air , W1 = ........ gmt. Weight of the bob when dipped in water , W2 = ....... gwt Apparent loss of weight of bob in water = W1 - W2 = ...... gwt Density of water at 4°C ( From tables ) = 1 g/cm3 Volume of water collected in the measuring cylinder , V = ...

Experiment : To determine the density of solid ( Denser than water ) by using a spring balance and a measuring cylinder. Apparatus : Metallic block or a cylinder , fine cotton thread , a spring balance measuring cylinder , beaker , water and a clamp stand. In place of metallic cylinder , brass or steel Bob can also be taken. Theory : Density of a substance is defined as mass of a unit volume of the substance. Density = mass / Volume The SI unit of density is $kg/m^{3}$ Diagram : Observation :  Least count of spring balance = ........ g Mass of metallic cylinder using spring balance  (i) m1 = ........ g     (ii) m2 = ......... g Mean mass of the metallic cylinder= m1+m2 / 2 = ......... g Calculations :  Mean mass of the cylinder , m = .......g Mean volume of the cylinder , V = ...... $cm^{3}$ Hence , density of the solid = m/V = ..... $g/cm^{3}$ Result : The Density of solid = ....... $g/cm^{3}$ Precautions : 1. The metallic cylinder should be clean and dry....

Experiment : To determine the velocity of a pulse propagated through a stretched string / slinky. Object : To determine the velocity of a pulse propagated through a stretched string / Slinky. Apparatus: Heavy wooden block , a hook , slinky , chalk , metre scale and a stopwatch. Theory : Pulse is a sudden, non-Repetitive single disturbance of a short duration in the medium. In the formation of wave pulse , the medium vibrates for a short duration and then returns to its original undisturbed position. Observations : Distance from point A to B on table (S) = 1 m Total distance covered from point B to Point A and back (2S) = 1+1 = 2 m Calculations : Average time taken = t1+t2+t3/3 = .... sec Velocity of the pulse , v = 2S/t = 2/... =   m/s Result : The velocity of the pulse propagated through slinky = ..... m/s Precautions:  1. Sharp jerk should be given to the slinky for producing the pulse. 2. The slinky should be stout and flexible. 3. The distance should be measured accur...